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Culture


Due to Zambia’s prominent position within the south-central region of Africa, Zambia has a rich and varied history of ancient, tribal and colonial influence. Intriguing archaeological finds in the Zambezi Valley indicate local inhabitants dating back about 3 million years ago – almost as long as the famous Olduvai Gorge in Kenya.

Furthermore, the discovery of the 70 000 year old skull of the ‘Broken Hill Man’ (now known as Kabwe) as well as the use of fire, indicate a deep pre-history. The establishment of the slave trade in the 16th century as well substantial movement of African tribes resulted in dynamic equilibriums of local people in the region.With so many influences, Zambians take pride in their unique and peaceful way of life. Zambians stem from a very proud and respected nation, that despite some trying times, are quick to smile. The life of the average citizen has taken a considerable turn for the better of late, and a positive prosperous spirit prevails.

With an official count of 72 tribes and 20 various language dialects, Zambia is a melting pot of African cultures. Nine distinct groups have been identified as the Bemba, Nyanja-Chewa, Tonga, Tubuka Lunda, Luvale, Kaonde, Nkoya and Lozi. There are some 15 000 expatriates living mostly in Lusaka and on the Copper belt (known as one of the most concentrated mining areas in the world).

English is widely spoken, although the literacy rate is relatively low. The predominant religion is a blend of traditional beliefs and Christianity, and it’s estimated that about 75% of the population are Christians. As is the norm in rural Africa however, traditional beliefs, medicine and religious ceremonies are still prevalent.

Music and dance (such as the makishi) are important components of Zambian culture, and the Lozi and Bemba peoples are especially well known for their drumming ceremonies. Marathon sessions using huge drums, allegedly almost 200 years old, are common. Such ceremonies celebrate the migration of tribal ancestors to present day territories. Known as Kuomboka, this festival is one of the most well known and occurs in the Western Province around Easter.

The legacy of legendary Scottish missionary and explorer David Livingstone still lingers. Allegedly the first European to see the Victoria Falls in 1855, Dr. David Livingstone went on to spend most of his travel within present day Zambian territory. David Livingstone was given much credit for his tireless work in abolishing the slave trade that engulfed Africa in the 1800’s.

Although his famous meeting with Henry Stanley (where Stanley immortalised the word “Doctor Livingstone I presume?”) occurred in present day Tanzania, Livingstone died in the Bangwelu Swamps of the Congo River basin two years later in 1873. His heart was buried at the spot while his body was embalmed and carried on an epic 1000 kilometre journey back to the east coast by his loyal porters. A simple grave marks the spot where he died.

Local Zambian Customs & Observations

Travellers are advised that pornographic material is highly sensitive and is illegal in Zambia. The sensitive natures of many locals often result in misunderstandings, and any rude or derogatory words or remarks are discouraged.